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Santa Maria Antiqua ((英語:''Ancient Church of Saint Mary'')) is a Roman Catholic Marian church in Rome, Italy, built in the 5th century in the Forum Romanum, and for a long time the monumental access to the Palatine imperial palaces. Located at the foot of the Palatine Hill, Santa Maria Antiqua is the oldest Christian monument in the Roman Forum. The church contains the earliest Roman depiction of ''Santa Maria Regina'', the Virgin Mary as a Queen, from the 6th century.〔Erik Thunø, 2003 ''Image and relic: mediating the sacred in early medieval Rome'' ISBN 88-8265-217-3 page 34〕〔Bissera V. Pentcheva, 2006 ''Icons and power: the Mother of God in Byzantium'' ISBN 0-271-02551-4 page 21〕〔Anne J. Duggan, 2008 ''Queens and queenship in medieval Europe'' ISBN 0-85115-881-1 page 175〕 ==History== Built in the middle of the 5th century on the north-western slope of the Palatine Hill, Santa Maria Antiqua is the earliest and most significant Christian monument within the Roman Forum. The church contains a unique collection of wall paintings from the 6th to late 8th century. The discovery of these paintings have given many theories on the development of early medieval art and given distinctive beliefs in archaeology. The church was abandoned in the 9th century after an earthquake buried the buildings; it remained sealed for over 1000 years until its rediscovery in the early 1900s. Therefore, Santa Maria Antiqua represents a key element for the understanding of the cultural and urban development of the Roman Forum from Antiquity into the first centuries of the Christian period. From 1980 to 2012 the monument was closed to the general public and limited to scholars who applied for a special visit. Following a conservation program carried out by the Soprintendenza per il Patrimonio Storico in partnership with World Monuments Fund, the church is now open for tours. Santa Maria Antiqua is a ruined church in the Roman Forum, and is part of the “Foro Romano e Palatino” archaeological site which requires a ticket purchase in order to get access inside. The church itself is not always open to the public, owing to ongoing digging which has started in 2004 under the aegis of the World Monuments Fund. Thanks to centuries of sealing off, its walls showcase a cycle of beautiful colourful frescoes depicting the Virgin Mary and Infant Jesus, popes, saints, and martyrs, thus forming one of the largest and most important collections of pre-iconoclastic Roman and Byzantine art in the world. These frescoes date to a period of iconoclasm when in East figures in churches were destroyed.〔http://saverome.wordpress.com/2012/10/03/welcome-back-santa-maria-antiqua/〕 Pope John VII used this church in the early 8th century as see of the bishop of Rome. The church was partially destroyed in 847, when an earthquake caused parts of the imperial palaces to collapse and cover the church. For this reason, a new church called Santa Maria ''Nova'' (New St. Mary, now Santa Francesca Romana) was erected nearby by Pope Leo IV, on a portion of the ruined temple of Temple of Venus and Roma, where once stood a chapel commemorating the fall of Simon Magus. Santa Maria Antiqua suffered further damages during the Norman Sack of Rome (1084). The church of Santa Maria Liberatrice (Sancta Maria libera nos a poenis inferni) was built in 1617 on its ruins, but then demolished in 1900 to bring the remains of the old church to light. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Santa Maria Antiqua」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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